![]() ![]() We begin with binary ionic compounds, which contain only two elements. The objective of this and the next two sections is to teach you to write the formula for a simple inorganic compound from its name-and vice versa-and introduce you to some of the more frequently encountered common names. Unfortunately, some chemicals that are widely used in commerce and industry are still known almost exclusively by their common names in such cases, you must be familiar with the common name as well as the systematic one. In this text, we use a systematic nomenclature to assign meaningful names to the millions of known substances. For example, the systematic name for KNO 3 is potassium nitrate, but its common name is saltpeter. Like the names of most elements, the common names of chemical compounds generally have historical origins, although they often appear to be unrelated to the compounds of interest. Many compounds, particularly those that have been known for a relatively long time, have more than one name: a common name (sometimes more than one) and a systematic name, which is the name assigned by adhering to specific rules. In such cases, it is necessary for the compounds to have different names that distinguish among the possible arrangements. ![]() For example, saying “C-A-three-P-O-four-two” for Ca 3(PO 4) 2 is much more difficult than saying “calcium phosphate.” In addition, you will see in Section 2.4 "Naming Covalent Compounds" that many compounds have the same empirical and molecular formulas but different arrangements of atoms, which result in very different chemical and physical properties. ![]() First, they are inconvenient for routine verbal communication. The empirical and molecular formulas discussed in the preceding section are precise and highly informative, but they have some disadvantages. ![]()
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